
Mugshot — a flat, straight-on photograph of a person from the chest up, usually against a plain wall with height lines, made to record identity.
Not a headshot. A headshot sells a person; a mugshot records one. Neutral expression and flat, even light are the tell — add soft key light (the main light on the face) and a smile and it turns into a casting portrait.
Built-in constraints. The face must sit square to the lens in a tight, centered frame; any tilt or loose crop weakens the effect. A height chart or ID board sharpens context only while staying secondary.
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